Morpho agronomic, Phytochemical Genetic Evaluation and In Vitro Propagation of Plants from the P'urépecha Plateau for Cultivation and Medicinal Use
Resumen
Wild plants are important for medicinal uses in the P’urépecha Plateu. This applies to hierba del sapo (Eryngium beecheyanum) and nurite (Satureja macrostema), these plants have traditional uses such as the treatment of women affections, diabetes and digestive system affections.
Due to changes in land use, wild populations of these species have decreased. It is important to develop sustainable strategies to propagate these plants and to obtain phytochemical, genetic, and agronomic information that enables their sustainable utilization. Strategies such as in vitro culture, and morphological, phytochemical, and genetic characterization can support the development of conservation and management plans.
In vitro plant culture is a method that enables the conservation and propagation of species that are difficult to reproduce conventionally. In this study, in vitro protocols were developed for S. macrostema and E. beecheyanum,. Seed germination was conducted using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, resulting in a 45% germination rate for S. macrostema. Additionally, the proliferation protocol for E. beecheyanum yielded an average of 2.1 shoots per plant.
Furthermore, SPME-GC-MS analysis was performed to detect volatile compounds in both species, confirming the presence of bioactive compounds. This information supports the establishment of germination and propagation protocols for healthy plants, standardizes SPME-GC-MS techniques for future phytochemical studies, and sets the groundwork for genetic analyses related to phytochemical biosynthetic pathways in subsequent experiments.